市場中應用的一次性餐具(含快餐盒,下同)多數是用白色的聚苯乙烯材料來制作的,該餐具主要的優點是質輕、價廉、保溫性好,在方面則也具有特定的優點,一次性餐具廠家進行大批量生產每只也就幾分錢。我國人口這么多,一次性餐具市場銷量相當火,只快餐盒年耗用量就能達150億只以上,若加上快餐盤碗、杯與冷飲容器等,數量越大。但這種餐具也有其較大的弱點,它的原材料為白色塑料使用后不能降解,到處丟棄定然污染公共場所與環境、較難處理等問題。

Most disposable tableware (including fast food boxes, the same below) used in the market are made of white polystyrene material. The main advantages of this tableware are light weight, low price, and good insulation. In terms of price, it also has specific advantages. Disposable tableware manufacturers can produce them in large quantities for only a few cents each. With such a large population in our country, the sales of disposable tableware in the market are quite hot. The annual consumption of fast food boxes alone can reach over 15 billion. If we add fast food plates, bowls, cups, and cold drink containers, the larger the quantity. But this type of tableware also has its major weaknesses. Its raw material is white plastic, which cannot be degraded after use. If discarded everywhere, it will inevitably pollute public places and the environment, and it is difficult to handle.

同時據研究報道:一次性泡沫塑料餐具在遇到熱湯熱飯時,會產生16種損害素,人們在不知不覺中就可能將損害素溶化在食物中,這將對人們的身體健康造成一定的危害。因而從70年代以來,一次性餐具廠家都在研究開發不污染的一次性餐具。

At the same time, it is reported that the disposable foam tableware will produce 16 kinds of damaging elements when encountering hot soup and hot meal. People may dissolve damaging elements in food unconsciously, which will cause certain harm to people's health. Therefore, since the 1970s, disposable tableware manufacturers have been researching and developing non polluting disposable tableware.

現在我國不少有遠見的企業紛紛把目光投向新型的一次性餐具。現將幾種新型的餐具材料、設備、生產工藝、單只生產成本作一初淺的探討。

Many visionary enterprises in China are now turning their attention to new types of disposable tableware. This article will briefly discuss several new types of tableware materials, equipment, production processes, and individual production costs.

用農作物秸稈生產餐具的設備技術：

Equipment technology for producing tableware using crop straw:

這種一次性餐具的原料為:玉米秸稈、高梁稈、麥稈、稻草、稻殼、樹木樹枝、茅草、蘆葦、蒿草等。該產品原料可達100多種,其中不少是農村到處可見的廢棄物,其資源可謂是取之不盡,用之不完。

The raw materials for this disposable tableware are corn straw, sorghum straw, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk, tree branches, thatch, reed, artemisia annua, etc. The raw materials for this product can reach over 100 types, many of which are waste materials that can be seen everywhere in rural areas. Its resources can be said to be inexhaustible and inexhaustible.

利用秸稈、谷物等原料生產餐具盒的工藝流程為:農作物秸稈原材料處理一粉碎機粉碎一-配比混合(加入粘合劑攪拌)一一定量給料一一模壓成型一一表面涂膠一烘干一消菌一一成品包裝。

The technological process of producing tableware boxes from straw, grain and other raw materials is as follows: processing of crop straw raw materials - pulverizer crushing - proportioning mixing (adding adhesive for mixing) - quantitative feeding - molding - surface coating - drying - sterilization - finished product packaging.

生產設備主要為:原料粉碎機、混合攪拌機、定量給料機、模壓成型機、涂淋機、烘干消菌設備。一次性餐具廠家用秸稈原料生產的餐具盒經有關機關部門檢測,各項技術指標全符合相關規定的標準,并作了降解性能試驗,將使用過的餐具埋在地下不大于3個月即能降解。

The production equipment mainly includes: raw material crusher, mixing mixer, quantitative feeder, molding machine, coating machine, drying and sterilization equipment. The tableware boxes produced by disposable tableware manufacturers using straw raw materials have been tested by relevant government departments, and all technical indicators meet the relevant standards. Degradation performance tests have been conducted, and used tableware can be degraded after being buried underground for no more than 3 months.

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