生物降解顆粒的降解原理以及降解功能是怎樣的？實際上生物降解塑料添加劑包括一種天然纖維質添加成分，該成分呈細微的顆粒形狀，既具有可生物降解特性又具有較高的透明度，從而對終端產品的物理功能影響甚微。

What is the degradation principle and degradation function of biodegradable particles? In fact, the biodegradable plastic additive includes a natural fiber additive, which is in the shape of fine particles, and has both biodegradability and high transparency, so it has little impact on the physical function of the end product.

生物降解顆粒的降解原理

Degradation principle of biodegradable particles

該生物降解添加劑系列，是以聚烯烴為載體，配以一種天然植物纖維素的復合物。別的，該復合物中還包括一種金屬離子預降解成分，以便為聚合物引發(fā)光降解的特性。所有的添加成分對環(huán)境都無害。

The biodegradable additive series is a composite of polyolefin as carrier and a natural plant cellulose. In addition, the composite also includes a metal ion predegradation component, so as to induce light degradation characteristics of the polymer. All the added ingredients are harmless to the environment.

含有生物降解添加劑的塑料薄膜具有生物降解的特性。當其被人們使用并拋棄之后，例如在垃圾堆里，只要有微生物、溫熱、潮濕并有氧氣，塑料制品就會決裂并被分解。生物降解率很大程度上取決于堆場里的自然條件，比較理想的環(huán)境是微生物活潑、溫熱而且不太枯燥。

The plastic film containing biodegradable additives has the characteristics of biodegradation. When it is used and discarded by people, for example, in the garbage dump, as long as there are microorganisms, warmth, humidity and oxygen, the plastic products will break and be decomposed. The biodegradation rate largely depends on the natural conditions in the storage yard. The ideal environment is lively, warm and not too boring.

一般在3到7個月內，塑料膜就開始出現(xiàn)裂紋并變脆，其后，在第4-12個月內就開始決裂并被細菌腐蝕消化。比較初的光降解和快速分解是通過添加劑中的金屬離子預降解成分促成的。而添加劑中的植物纖維素首要為土壤里的微生物的滋長供給營養(yǎng)，從而使各種菌類在膜的里里外外迅速成長。大大小小的決裂導致膜變得破壞，并比較終被生物分解成二氧化碳和水。

Generally, the plastic film begins to crack and become brittle within 3 to 7 months, and then begins to crack and be corroded and digested by bacteria within 4 to 12 months. The initial photodegradation and rapid decomposition are promoted by the metal ion predegradation component in the additive. The plant cellulose in the additive mainly provides nutrition for the growth of microorganisms in the soil, so that various fungi grow rapidly inside and outside the membrane. Large and small cracks lead to the destruction of the membrane, which is finally biologically decomposed into carbon dioxide and water.

生物降解顆粒的降解功能

Degradation function of biodegradable particles

對生物降解顆粒的降解功能的測驗目前還沒有制訂一致的規(guī)范，可采用包括被美國顆粒試驗規(guī)范(ASTM)采用或預備采用的辦法作為規(guī)范的辦法，通過生物化學和微生物的試驗手法來評價的首要辦法有下列幾種。

At present, there is no uniform standard for testing the degradation function of biodegradable particles. The methods adopted or prepared by the American particle test specification (ASTM) can be used as the standard methods. The primary methods for evaluation by biochemical and microbial test methods are as follows.

土埋法，土埋法有室外土埋法和室內土埋法兩種，其微生物源首要是土壤中的微生物群，經必定時刻后，取出試樣測定其失重、機械功能改變，或用電子顯微鏡確定其被土壤中微生物侵襲的狀況。

Soil burying method: there are two kinds of soil burying methods: outdoor soil burying method and indoor soil burying method. The microbial source is mainly the microbiota in the soil. After a certain time, take out the sample to determine its weight loss and mechanical function change, or use the electron microscope to determine its invasion by the microorganisms in the soil.

長處是能反映出自然環(huán)境條件下的生物分解功能;缺陷是試驗周期長，試驗成果因土質不同而不同，重復性差。陪替氏培育器定量法在容器中加入試驗樣品和營養(yǎng)瓊脂，接種微生物進行培育，經必定時刻后，剖析試樣的失重狀況以及某些物理改變或化學改變。

The advantage is that it can reflect the biological decomposition function under natural environmental conditions; The defect is that the test period is long, the test results are different due to different soil properties, and the repeatability is poor. Quantitative method of Petri dish incubator: add the test sample and nutrient agar into the container, inoculate microorganisms for cultivation, and analyze the weight loss and some physical or chemical changes of the sample after a certain time.

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